Cultural tightness–looseness and national innovativeness: impacts of tolerance and diversity of opinion

Abstract The links between innovativeness as a driver of economic performance, and the determinants have been investigated by management scholars economists for decades, focusing mostly on “hard factors” investment in research development, or education. Focusing relatively neglected, but times globalization even more important aspect, influence cultural characteristics innovativeness, we apply different econometric models to test tightness looseness one hand, national other hand. We find that tightness—in sense homogenous intolerant societies—has negative link while looseness—in tolerant diverse societies—displays positive innovativeness.